Loom for weaving pile fabrics



NAPETERS. PNOTD-LHMOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON, D C.

B. BIGELOW, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

`LOOM: FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS.

j Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,189, dated May 5, 1857.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that lfEnAsTUs B. BIcELow,

`ofthe city of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Power-Looms for Weaving Piled Fabrics; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon, in which- Figure l is a right hand end elevation; Fig. 2, a left hand end elevation; Fig. 3, a front elevation; Fig. 4, a plan, and Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are details.

My said improvements relate to operating the pile wires employed to form the pile, and consist in part in the application or employment of a vibrating staff to carry the instrument or instruments for operating the pile wires; the upper end of said vibrating staff, when moving toward and from the cloth being kept in a proper horizontal line by the action of what is familiarly known as the parallel motion, the whole being so constructed and organized as to give the required movements to said instrument or instruments without the use of slides, Ways, or sliding bars.

Heretofore, when a hook and carrier have been employed in combination to operate the pile wires, theyhave been so constructed and organized as to cause said hook to draw said pile wires entirely from the cloth before delivering them to said carrier, thus requiring said hook to traverse a distance equal to the length of said pile wires.

Apart of my invention, therefore, also consists in the mode of constructing and organizing the aforesaid hook and carrier whereby said hook shall be employed only to draw said pilewires into the socket of said carrier, and said carrier employed to draw the Wires from the cloth, thereby saving a larger part of the traverse motion of said hook and the slides or ways required therefor. i

Another part of myinvention also consists in combining with the aforesaid hook and carrier, a box or holder for holding the pile wires in position and for guiding said hook in a suitableV manner to act on said pil'e wires.

(0; a a) represent the side frame of the loom; (b b) the ordinary cross girths; and (0 o) other cross girths peculiarly shaped to support the counter shaft (d), as represented in Fig. 3.V

(e) represents the cam shaft and (f) the lathe shaft, which are geared together by j' the gears `(g and lz.) in the usual way. The

counter shaft (Z) is driven from the cam shaft (e) by the bevel gears (LZ, cl,) and is employed to operate the wire motion as hereinafter to be described.

(i) represents the race beam of the lathe and (j j) the swords of the lathe which are also constructed and operated by the lathe shaft in the usual way, except the racebeam is bent back at (le) to clear the wire apparatus as may be seen in Figs. 4 and 5.

The shuttle boxes, harnesses, let off and take up motions and other parts of the loom not required to exemplify my invention are omitted inthe drawings.

The cloth is represented by red lines in Fig. 5. The pile wires (Z, 1,) are repre-- sented by blue lines and have heads on their outer ends formed as represented in Figs'. 8 and 9. The heads of the pile wires are held in position by a supporting box or holder A, an end elevation of which is given in Fig. 6, and a plan in Fig. 5, these figures being on an enlarged scale. Adetached end elevation on the same scale is also given of it, without the pile wires, in Fig.

l0. Vertical adjustment is given to said box or holder, by the stand (m), and horizontal adjustment toward and from the' reed by its connection with said stand (mv), at (n). The top guard (o) is bent aroundk over the cloth, as represented in Fig. 5, to clear the ends of the wires as they are raised to be carried back for reinsertion as hereinafter to be described. j Y

The top guard (o) and also the bottom sup-port (p) are slightly bent apart at their `forward ends to allow the free ingress of the pile wire heads as they are drawn toward the fell of the cloth.

(g, g) are latches or hooks for holding the pile wires in position. They work in slots suitably formed in the guard (0) and support (p), and are respectively jointed thereto at their rear ends, while the beveled part of their forward ends rest against the ends of said slots as indicated by the dotted lines. The lower hook is pressed into action by the spring (r) and the upper one falls by its own weight.` These hooks yield when the heads of the pile wires are drawn between them over their beveled faces, and

lock on and hold them in position when Y they pass the points of said hooks.

The part of the aforesaid box or holder repvresented by serves as a rest or stop to the head of the rear Wire, so that when the jointed to an upright rock shaft(u) whilev its inner end plays in the opening (o) at the rear of the aforesaid boX or holder.

l A spiral spring (w) on the rock shaft (u) constantly tends to throw the inner end of the hook (t) toward the wire heads, said hook Y (t), being prevented from thus swinging too far, by the aforesaid stop (s). The rock shaft rocks in the bearings (10, w)

`near the upper end of the vibrating lever which lever extends upward from another rock shaft supported by the stand From the lower endv of said vibrating lever a horizontal arm (of) (see Fig. 4e, in which some of the upper parts are omitted i to show more clearly the under` parts) eX- tendsV toward the central part of the loom, and carries the cam roller (b) which receives motion from the cam (0') o-n the before mentioned Counter shaft (d).

The said cam (c) at appropriate intervals of time relative tothe action of the other parts of theloom, gives to the aforesaid hook (t) a traverse motion toward and from the cloth to act on the pile wires. As said hook (t) approaches the cloth, the beveled part thereof glides along the side of the head of the wire to be acted upon until the point of the hook locks onto the end of the opening; then as said hook recedes from the cloth it y' draws the wire along with it far enough to conveniently deliver it to the carrier B, lhereinafter to be described, when it returns for another wire, its return .movement releasing it from the wire previously acted upon. The carrier B, which receives the heads of the wires from the aforesaid hook (t) andv completes their movement, is formed with a socket into which said wire heads are drawn as represented on an enlarged scale in Figs. 8 and 9. It is also provided with a hook (f) which, when Wire head is drawn into the socket, locks onto the-shoulder (g) on the under edge of said wire head, the function of said hook (f) being to hold the pile wire heads,4 in

`the socket of said carrier, during its action thereon.Y l/Vhen said carrier receives the head of a pile wire from said vhook it Vis inthe position indicated by the red i lines at (L), that is, the mouth of its socket is opposite to the end vof the head of the (t) draws it therein, 'and the hook (f) by locking on to the shoulder (g) secures it as aforesaid. l/Vhen said carrier is thus armed with a pile wire, it recedes from the cloth and draws said pile Wire therefrom; it then'moves back, carrying the outer end of said pile wires (the inner end thereof being carried as hereinafter to be described) toward the lathe tc the position where it is to be introduced into-the shed; it now approaches the cloth, or shed, and inserts the wire; and then it moves forward, carrying said pile wire to the fell of the cloth where it is secured by the boX or holder as above described. The hook (f) is released from its hold on the head of the wires by the end thereof striking against the projection (e) as the carrier moves back to place said wire at the fell of the cloth, thus leaving said carrier free to return for another wire. The required motions are given to said carrier (B) as follows, viz: It is suit-ably attached to the upper end of a vibrating staff (2) which staff is supported and guided during its action by the rocking frame which. rocks in the boxes or bearings (c c).y It is kept in a vertical position by the slot (Z), in the 'axis of said rocking frame (7), in which it plays when moving toward and from the cloth; and is preserved in a proper horizontal line with respect to the pile wires by the vibrating arm (777/) acting on the well known principle of the parallel motion. The lower end of said vibrating staff is connected to the lower end of said rocking frame by the connecting bar (n) which is suitably jointed to allow free vibration of said vibrating staff The cam (0') through the medium of the cam roller lever (g), and connecting bar (r) moves said vibrating staff from the cloth, and the spiral spring (s) acting on the rod (t) forces it back again, said spring (s) pressing said cam roller (7) constantly against the cam, thus'admitting a rapid movement of the parts without back-lash. Motion toward and from the lathe is given to said vibrating staff (v7) by merely rocking the rocking frame (j), which rocking motion is impart-ed thereto by the cam (u) through the medium of the cam roller (v) and arm The cam roller (o) is also kept in constant contact with its cam either by the weight of the'armY ('w) Aor the action of a spring. Vhen the carrier B, on said staff (i) returns for a new wire, said staff (2") strikes the adjusting pin (6) and thus through the spring of said staff1 brings said Icarrier in a line with said wire..

The inner ends of the pile wires are carried from the line where they are drawn from the cloth, to the position where they are to be introduced into the shed, by a support and guide acting as follows:l (w) 130 so- Y represents said support and guide, which slides up and down in the projections (.e z) on an upright vibrating lever (y) on the end of the aforesaid rocking frame (j). The required vertical motion is given to said support and' guide by the cam (c) through the medium of the cam roller (6) and bent lever (0). Its motion toward and from the lathe is given of course, by the rocking of the aforesaid rocking frame (j). In order to steady the pile wires as they enter the shed, I sometimes deiiect them by moving the support and guide (m) which carries their inner ends, farther toward the lathe than the carrier B, which carries 'their outer ends, is moved; which additional motion may be given to said support and guide by constructing the parts as represented in Fig. 7 that is to say, connecting the arm of the bent lever (0) with the support and guide (zv) above the axis of motion of the rocking frame (j) and allowing said support and guide to vibrate on a stud (6V) when said rocking frame (j) rocks, by which motion the upper end of said support and guide will be thrown forward in proportion to the amount of vibratory motion of the lever (l1/), at the point when said bent lever and said support and guide are connected. i

It will be obvious to mechanics that the form and structure of the parts embodying my said invention may be variously modified without changing the principle thereof; and that its several parts may be worked in the same organic relation in which they are herein described or they may be worked separately or in connection with other inventions and the essential character of what shall be thusI employed remain the same; as for example, the vibrating staff instead of being so operated as to cause the carrier (B) to receive the wires from the hook (t) as specified, may carry an apparatus so constructed as to seize the wires as they lay in the cloth, without the intervention of the hook i i In weaving some fabrics also it is desirable to employ but a few pile wires, in which case the shuttle box when constructed in the usual way would come in collision with the wire apparatus. To avoid this I make the shuttle box on the side of the loom where the wire apparatus is located, movable with respect to the lathe, so as to be raised up to clear said wire apparatus when the lathe advances to beat up the cloth, and descend again for the passage of the shuttle when the lathe recedes, said shuttle box being attached to a rocking shaft suitably supported on t-he back side of the lathe.

Having thus described my said invention in power looms for weaving piled fabrics, and pointed out some of its modifications what I claim as new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent isl. I claim operating the pile wires by a vibrating staff controlled by a parallel motion substantially as specied.

2. I also claim the method of constructing and organizing the hook and carrier for operating the pile wires substantially as specied.

3. And I finally claim, in combination with the aforesaid hook and carrier a box or holder for holding the pile wires in position and suitably guiding said hook to act thereon, substantially as specified.

E. B. BIGELOl/V.

Witnesses JOHN SWYNEY, CHAs. H. MORGAN. 

